A summary of this decision is published in all eu languages in the official journal of the european union. For the manufacture of special products, refining and solidification processes are often combined. The history of the national refining company in cleveland, ohio 18821950. A common pyrometallurgical route for the recovery of numerous metals and rare earths is hightemperature molten salt electrolysis. Jan 17, 2017 the company has followed a downstream strategy of retreating to its core italian market, divesting all fuels marketing businesses and refining stakes held in eastern european markets. This text is made available for information purposes only. Jul 03, 2018 both hemmens and mauritzen will remain in their respective positions until completion of the merger. Tp4860 preface the analytic studies division of the national renewable energy laboratory prepared market penetration of new energy technologies for the office of utility technologies, assistant secretary for conservation and renewable energy, u. Rendering of electroslag remelting apparatus and crosssections electroslag remelting esr, also known as electroflux remelting, is a process of remelting and refining steel and other alloys for missioncritical applications in aircraft, thermal power stations, nuclear power plants, military technology, etc. Evaluation of the electroslag remelting process in medical grade of 316lc stainless steel article in journal of materials science and technology shenyang 255. Techsoft director, engineering process services for.
Results of the marketing activity declined mainly due to lower margins reflecting the increasing competitive pressure and the assets disposals in slovenia and hungary. Effect on electroslag refining on the endurance of. Electroslag refining of titanium for the removal of nitrogenrich inclusions a. Introduction conventional pyrometallurgical refining is not efficient in producing high purity tin, therefore electrorefining has become a convenient way to eliminate most of the impurities in a single operation 1, 2. Introduction this process was developed originally in the erstwhile ussr in 1930. Us complex refining capacity leads the world and us gulf coast refineries are enjoying an export led boom. It principle is based on the electroslag welding process.
Investigation of slag compositions and pressure ranges suitable for electroslag remelting under vacuum conditions s. Electrorefining general introduction in an electrorefining process, the anode is the impure metal and the impurities must be lost during the passage of the metal from the anode to the cathode during electrolysis, i. Eni refining and oil products summary report wood mackenzie. The separating and purifying of precious metals from other metals is called refining.
Electroslag remelting its status, mechanism and refining. Both hemmens and mauritzen will remain in their respective positions until completion of the merger. Effect of slag on inclusions during electroslag remelting. Integrating and refining organizational processes statement a. Electroslag remelting furnaces background consarc esr technology breakthroughs in the 1960s consarcs engineers conceived a new approach to elctroslag remelting, quite different from others in use at the time.
Enarco was the trademark used by the company starting in the early 1900s. Sodium metal was first prepared in 1807 by the english chemist humphrey davy, who obtained it using electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide. Electrorefining article about electrorefining by the free. The optimization of the design and of the operating conditions of hightemperature electrolysis cells for the recovery of metals can be.
The optimization of the design and of the operating conditions of hightemperature. A wide variety of processing and refining the mineral options are available to you, there are 226 suppliers who sells processing and refining the mineral on, mainly located in asia. Electrorefining article about electrorefining by the. Drops of the molten electrode metal pass through the slag layer to form a layer of metal underneath. Use add new topic to ask a new questiondiscussion about pyrometallurgy and electrometallurgy or select a topic that interests you use add reply to replyparticipate in a topicdiscussion most frequent. Since chromium is a strong oxideforming element, during normal refining it is difficult to decarburize stainless steel to a sufficiently. Rendering of electroslag remelting apparatus and crosssections.
Effects of electroslag refining on removal of iron. Complex refining 101 part 2 upgrading no test and no math guaranteed. Par hawaii refining llc purchased the atmospheric unit at island energy services downstream and began operating as one entity in december 2018. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The company has followed a downstream strategy of retreating to its core italian market, divesting all fuels marketing businesses and refining stakes held in eastern european markets. Pdf electroslag remelting of high technological steels. The 180orso papers covered mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, electro refining, fabrication, applications and environmental factors, as well as corporate strategies and the economic outlook. Electroslag remelting article about electroslag remelting. The refining functions of the rh process have also been expanded. Effects of electroslag refining on removal of iron impurity and alumina inclusions from aluminum were studied on a laboratoryscale apparatus. The sixth lbma assaying and refining conference the millennium hotel, grosvenor square, london 8 10 march, 2015 acidless separation technology for refining gold, faoro giovanni jsc ez ocm and ez ocmengineering llc. Update 3narl refining to layoff up to workers at canadian refinery sources. Refining steels produced in electric arc furnace 1 both during transport and secondary treatment period, the molten metal is stirred by injecting ar gas through the porous plug thus obtaining chemical composition and temperature uniformity and the flotation of nonmetallic inclusions. Evaluation of the electroslag remelting process in medical.
Eni norge and point resources merge to become var energi as. Translated from fizikokhimicheskaya mekhanika materialov, vol. The chemical business reported an adjusted operating profit of 305. Pdf investigation of primary carbides in a commercial. Since the choice of flux is a unique parameter in the electroslag process, two chapters are developed to this subject. Merger between eni norge and point resource creates var energi as. The merger is also subject to satisfaction of a number of customary conditions precedent, including the receipt of required regulatory and australian court approvals, as well as the approval of rusina shareholders. The highest quality of steel can be obtained by using any of three remelting processes electron beam remelting ebr. The 180orso papers covered mineral processing, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, electrorefining, fabrication, applications and environmental factors, as well as corporate strategies and the economic outlook. Benz b a donetsk national technical university, ukraine b ge global research center, niskayuna, new york 12301.
Effects of electroslag refining on removal of iron impurity. An electroslag remelting process esr starts when the lower tip of a consumable electrode is immersed into a pool of molten slag. The merger is subject to the completion of confirmatory due diligence by european nickel and rusina prior to 3 march 2010. As lower cost crude starts to become available to these refineries they should be in a strong position to compete even more. Indian oil corporation limited indian oil corporation ltd. Chemical refining involves either the condensation of metal from a vapour or the selective precipitation of metal from an aqueous solution. On april 4th, lundin mining announced an all cash offer at cad 5. An export rate of more than 90 % and customers spread around the world stand for intecos excellent service.
Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. With inmet merger unlikely, is a breakup next for lundin. Department of energy office of energy efficiency and renewable energy. A selected list of reference projects allow a small glimpse on the world of inteco. Vacuum ingot pouring is often employed to produce very large ingots that are subsequently processed, in expensive forging and machining operations, into such products as rotors for power generators. Important basic mechanisms such as electrochemistry, thermochemistry, and heat transport are described. This bulletin traces the development of the electroslag melting process from its modest beginnings to the present.
For example, decarburization and heatingup are conducted by injecting pure oxygen gas, while the desulfurization and deoxidation rates are increased by adding fluxes, both onto or into the melt in the vacuum vessel. Investigation of slag compositions and pressure ranges. Us complex refining capacity leads the world and us gulf. It is currently indias largest company by sales with a turnover of rs. Electroslag remelting esr, also known as electroflux remelting, is a process of remelting and refining steel and other alloys for missioncritical applications in aircraft, thermal power stations, nuclear power plants, military technology, etc. During electroslag remelting, the temperature of the slag, which consists of various components caf 2, cao, sio 2, al 2 o 3, and others, exceeds 2500c. Guidance on remedies in merger control bundeskartellamt. This reflected negative impact of an unfavourable refining margin scenario enis standard refining margin serm in 2016 worsened to 4.
Its development and present condition vogt, paul leroy on. Generally the bulk of steels is processed through the liquid metal route because of its cost advantage and flexibility. Influencing the electroslag remelting process by varying fluorine content of the utilized slag proceedings of emc 2015 1. Electroslag remelting an electrometallurgical process in which a metal in the form of a consumable electrode is remelted in a bath of an electrically conducting synthetic slag by the action of heat released upon the passage of electric current through the slag. Indianoil was formed in 1964 through the merger of indian oil company ltd. The national refining company used many trademarks throughout its 68 years of operation, but the one most familiar is the enarco and white rose trademarks. The method, which significantly increases the quality of the metals and alloys produced, was.
Influencing the electroslag remelting process by varying. Via monte verena, 20 36022 san zeno di cassola vi italy tel. The premelted slag possessing electrical conductivity is located on the watercooled mold base connected to a power supply. Ip4860 executive summary market penetration of new energy technologies examines the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and, for some, the mathematical formulas of several forecasting methods. Secondary refining equipment used mainly in the final refining step for stainless steel includes the aod furnace and the vod furnace. Since mgo is less stable than cao and it is easier to be reduced by al, dissolved mg is generated earlier and faster than ca before lf refining, thus the mgal2o3 system inclusions form at first. Electrolysis or electrolytic refining is a technique used for extraction as well as purification of metals obtained by any refining method. Electroslag melting is also known as electroflux melting is a process of melting and refining steel and super alloys for mission critical application. The electroslag melting process page 214 unt digital library. The electroslag refining experiments were carried out using kclnaclna 3 alf 6 slag. Refining steels produced in electric arc furnace 1 both during transport and secondary treatment period, the molten metal is stirred by injecting ar gas through the porous plug thus obtaining chemical composition and temperature uniformity and. With the market deciding that, one way or another, the merger of inmet mining and lundin mining is unlikely to proceed, the focus is on whats next for lundin lundin could try. Electrowinning and refining the electrowinning of metals, or the production of metals from their ores once put in solution or liquefied, is the oldest industrial electrolytic process. Using add reply allows you to attach images or pdf files and provide a more complete input.
Specification of merger gains in the norwegian electricity. This process involves an electrolyte made of a molten salt in which the metal to be recovered, most commonly present in its oxide form, is dissolved. The merger company will focus on exploration and production in norway, with. Electrical modeling of molten salt electrorefining processes. Friedrich 1ime process metallurgy and metal recycling, rwth aachen university, d52056 aachen, germany 2ald vacuum technologies gmbh, wilhelm rohn strasse 35, d 63450 hanau, germany keywords. A process, similar to electrowinning, for the removal of impurities from a metal.
The electrowinning of metals, or the production of metals from their ores once put in solution or liquefied, is the oldest industrial electrolytic process. In the electro refining process, a block of impure metal is made the anode and a thin sheet of metal is made the cathode. It dispenses completely with the rising and gating. Stainless steel contains a large amount of chromium as a basic component.
In the realm of public utilities and services focus has been on productive efficiency, as maximizing financial performance rarely is the main objective of public service providers. In addition, eni is restructuring its italian refineries, with at least two becoming biorefineries and a further two planned to become storage terminals. Electroslag melting and refining linkedin slideshare. Electroslag melting experience for reactive metals, base. Apr 01, 2016 introduction this process was developed originally in the erstwhile ussr in 1930. Eni, the italian energy firm, and hitecvision, the private equity company, have announced the merger of eni norge as and point rescue as to form var energi as. Enarco was used for the grease and oil products and white rose was used for gasoline. National renewable energy laboratory 1617 cole boulevard, golden, colorado 8040393 3032753000.
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